The highest prevalence of any cigarette and/or smokeless tobacco use in the United States was seen in West Virginia. State-specific differences and disparities in any cigarette/smokeless tobacco use exist between sexes and among racial/ethnic groups. In recent years, cigarette smoking prevalence has declined in many states however, there has been little change in the prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use or concurrent use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in most states, with prevalence increasing in some states. Conclusion: AVSD is the most common CHD seen among children with Down syndrome in our study and is frequently associated with pulmonary hypertension.Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Though 14 (40.0%) children were on a pulmonary vasodilator (sildenafil), only 5 (14.3%) children had features suggestive of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography, all with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). The most common co-morbidity noted was heart failure in 17 (48.6%) of them followed by wasting in 15 (42.9%). The most common heart defects detected were Atrioventricular septal defects in 28.6% of cases. They had a mean age of 5.8 months at diagnosis and 25.8 months at presentation. Results: Thirty-five children with physical features suggestive of Down syndrome were seen, all of whom had CHD. The data were analyzed with STATA 14.0 Statistical package. Children with phenotypic features suggestive of Down syndrome and a prior diagnosis of CHD had trans-thoracic echocardiogram performed by a team of paediatric cardiologists.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, during a cardiac mission.

This study aims to describe the pattern of CHD and associated co-morbidities seen in children with Down syndrome in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Introduction and Objectives: Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with Down syndrome is a common association.

Stata 14.0 down